Thursday, June 19, 2014

30 TRAITS OF AN EMPATH (HOW TO KNOW IF YOU’RE AN EMPATH)

http://themindunleashed.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/traits.jpg  
By: Christel Broederlow

What is an empath?

Being an empath is when you are affected by other people’s energies, and have an innate ability to intuitively feel and perceive others.  Your life is unconsciously influenced by others’ desires, wishes, thoughts, and moods.  Being an empath is much more than being highly sensitive and it’s not just limited to emotions.  Empaths can perceive physical sensitivities and spiritual urges, as well as just knowing the motivations and intentions of other people.  You either are an empath or you aren’t.  It’s not a trait that is learned.  You are always open, so to speak, to process other people’s feelings and energy, which means that you really feel, and in many cases take on the emotions of others.  Many empaths experience things like chronic fatigue, environmental sensitivities, or unexplained aches and pains daily.  These are all things that are more likely to be contributed to outside influences and not so much yourself at all.  Essentially you are walking around in this world with all of the accumulated karma, emotions, and energy from others.

Empaths are often quiet achievers. They can take a while to handle a compliment for they’re more inclined to point out another’s positive attributes. They are highly expressive in all areas of emotional connection, and talk openly, and, at times quite frankly. They may have few problems talking about their feelings if another cares to listen (regardless of how much they listen to others).

However, they can be the exact opposite: reclusive and apparently unresponsive at the best of times. They may even appear ignorant. Some are very good at “blocking out” others and that’s not always a bad thing, at least for the learning empath struggling with a barrage of emotions from others, as well as their own feelings.

Empaths have a tendency to openly feel what is outside of them more so than what is inside of them. This can cause empaths to ignore their own needs. In general an empath is non-violent, non-aggressive and leans more towards being the peacemaker. Any area filled with disharmony creates an uncomfortable feeling in an empath. If they find themselves in the middle of a confrontation, they will endeavor to settle the situation as quickly as possible, if not avoid it all together. If any harsh words are expressed in defending themselves, they will likely resent their lack of self-control, and have a preference to peacefully resolve the problem quickly.

Empaths are more inclined to pick up another’s feelings and project it back without realizing its origin in the first place. Talking things out is a major factor in releasing emotions in the learning empath. Empaths can develop an even stronger degree of understanding so that they can find peace in most situations. The downside is that empaths may bottle up emotions and build barriers sky-high so as to not let others know of their innermost thoughts and/or feelings. This withholding of emotional expression can be a direct result of a traumatic experience, an expressionless upbringing, or simply being told as a child, “Children are meant to be seen and not heard!”

Without a doubt, this emotional withholding can be detrimental to one’s health, for the longer one’s thoughts and/or emotions aren’t released, the more power they build. The thoughts and/or emotions can eventually becoming explosive, if not crippling. The need to express oneself honestly is a form of healing and a choice open to all. To not do so can result in a breakdown of the person and result in mental/emotional instability or the creation of a physical ailment, illness or disease.

Empaths are sensitive to TV, videos, movies, news and broadcasts. Violence or emotional dramas depicting shocking scenes of physical or emotional pain inflicted on adults, children or animals can bring an empath easily to tears. At times, they may feel physically ill or choke back the tears. Some empaths will struggle to comprehend any such cruelty, and may have grave difficulty in expressing themselves in the face of another’s ignorance, closed-mindedness and obvious lack of compassion. They simply cannot justify the suffering they feel and see.

You will find empaths working with people, animals or nature with a true passion and dedication to help them. They are often tireless teachers and/or caretakers for our environment and all within it. Many volunteers are empathic and give up personal time to help others without pay and/or recognition.

Empaths may be excellent storytellers due to an endless imagination, inquisitive minds and ever-expanding knowledge. They can be old romantics at heart and very gentle. They may also be the “keepers” of ancestral knowledge and family history. If not the obvious family historians, they may be the ones who listen to the stories passed down and possess the majority of the family history. Not surprisingly, they may have started or possess a family tree.

They have a broad interest in music to suit their many expressive temperaments, and others can query how empaths can listen to one style of music, and within minutes, change to something entirely different. Lyrics within a song can have adverse, powerful effects on empaths, especially if it is relevant to a recent experience. In these moments, it is advisable for empaths to listen to music without lyrics, to avoid playing havoc with their emotions!

They are just as expressive with body language as with words, thoughts, and feelings. Their creativity is often expressed through dance, acting, and bodily movements. Empaths can project an incredible amount of energy portraying and/or releasing emotion. Empaths can become lost in the music, to the point of being in a trance-like state; they become one with the music through the expression of their physical bodies. They describe this feeling as a time when all else around them is almost non-existent.

People of all walks of life and animals are attracted to the warmth and genuine compassion of empaths. Regardless of whether others are aware of one being empathic, people are drawn to them as a metal object is to a magnet!

Even complete strangers find it easy to talk to empaths about the most personal things, and before they know it, they have poured out their hearts and souls without intending to do so consciously. It is as though on a sub-conscious level that person knows instinctively that empaths would listen with compassionate understanding. Then again, for empaths, it is always nice to actually be heard themselves!

Here are the listeners of life. They can be outgoing, bubbly, enthusiastic and a joy to be in the presence of, as well as highly humorous at the most unusual moments! On the flip side, empaths can be weighted with mood swings that will have others around them want to jump overboard and abandon ship! The thoughts and feelings empaths receive from any and all in their life can be so overwhelming (if not understood) that their moods can fluctuate with lightning speed. One moment they may be delightfully happy and with a flick of the switch, miserable.

Abandoning an empath in the throes of alternating moods can create detrimental effects. A simple return of empathic love–listening and caring compassionately without bias, judgment and/or condemnation–can go an incredibly long way to an empath’s instant recovery. Many empaths don’t understand what is occurring within them. They literally have no idea that another person’s emotions are now felt, as one’s own and reflected outwardly. They are confused as to how one moment all was well, and then the next, they feel so depressed, alone, etc. The need to understand the possibilities of empath connection is a vital part of the empaths journey for themselves and for those around them.
Empaths are often problem solvers, thinkers, and studiers of many things. As far as empaths are concerned, where a problem is, so too is the answer. They often will search until they find one – if only for peace of mind. This can certainly prove beneficial for others in their relationships, in the workplace, or on the home front. Where there is a will, there is a way and the empath will find it. The empath can literally (likely without the knowledge of what’s actually occurring) tap into Universal Knowledge and be receptive to guidance in solving anything they put their head and hearts into.
Empaths often are vivid and/or lucid dreamers. They can dream in detail and are inquisitive of dream content. Often they feel as though the dreams are linked to their physical life somehow, and not just a mumble of nonsensical, irrelevant, meaningless images. This curiosity will lead many empathic dreamers to unravel some of the “mysterious” dream contents from an early age and connect the interpretation to its relevance in their physical life. If not, they may be led to dream interpretations through other means.

Empaths are daydreamers with difficulty keeping focused on the mundane. If life isn’t stimulating, off an empath will go into a detached state of mind. They will go somewhere, anywhere, in a thought that appears detached from the physical reality, yet is alive and active for they really are off and away. If a tutor is lecturing with little to no emotional input, empaths will not be receptive to such teaching and can (unintentionally) drift into a state of daydreaming.

Give the empath student the tutor who speaks with stimuli and emotion (through actual experience of any given subject) and the empath is receptively alert. Empaths are a captivated audience. This same principle applies in acting. An actor will either captivate the audience through expressing (in all aspects) emotions (as though they really did experience the role they are portraying) or will loose them entirely. Empaths make outstanding actors.

Empaths frequently experience déjà vu and synchronicities. What may initially start as, “Oh, what a coincidence”, will lead to the understanding of synchronicities as an aspect of who they are. These synchronicities will become a welcomed and continually expanding occurrence. As an understanding of self grows, the synchronicities become more fluent and free flowing. The synchronicities can promote a feeling of euphoria as empaths identify with them and appreciate the connection to their empathic nature.

Empaths are most likely to have had varying paranormal experiences throughout their lives. NDE’s (Near death experiences) and or OBE’s (Out of body experiences) can catapult an unaware empath into the awakening period and provide the momentum for a journey of discovery. Those who get caught up in life, in society’s often dictating ways, in work etc., can become lost in a mechanical way of living that provides very little meaning. All “signs of guidance” are ignored to shift out of this state of “doing”. A path to being whole again becomes evident and a search for more meaning in one’s life begins.

These types of experiences appear dramatic, can be life-altering indeed, and are most assuredly just as intensely memorable in years to come. They are the voice of guidance encouraging us to pursue our journey in awareness. Sometimes, some of us require that extra assistance!

For some empaths, the lack of outside understanding towards paranormal events they experience, may lead to suppressing such abilities. (Most of these abilities are very natural and not a coincidence.) Empaths may unknowingly adopt the positive or negative attitude of others as their own. (This, however, can be overcome.) Empaths may need to follow interests in the paranormal and the unexplained with curiosity so as to explain and accept their life circumstances.

Here are 30 of the most common traits:

1. Knowing: Empaths just know stuff, without being told. It’s a knowing that goes way beyond intuition or gut feelings, even though that is how many would describe the knowing. The more attuned they are the stronger this gift becomes.

2. Being in public places can be overwhelming: Places like shopping malls, supermarkets or stadiums where there are lots of people around can fill the empath with turbulently vexed emotions that are coming from others.

3. Feeling others emotions and taking them on as your own: This is a huge one for empaths. To some they will feel emotions off those near by and with others they will feel emotions from those a vast distance away, or both. The more adept empath will know if someone is having bad thoughts about them, even from great distance.

4. Watching violence, cruelty or tragedy on the TV is unbearable: The more attuned an empath becomes the worse it is and may make it so they eventually have to stop watching TV and reading newspapers altogether.

5. You know when someone is not being honest: If a friend or a loved one is telling you lies you know it (although many empaths try not to focus on this because knowing a loved one is lying can be painful). Or if someone is saying one thing but feeling/thinking another, you know.

6. Picking up physical symptoms off another: An empath will almost always develop the ailments off another (colds, eye infections, body aches and pains) especially those they’re closest to, somewhat like sympathy pains.

7. Digestive disorders and lower back problems: The solar plexus chakra is based in the centre of the abdomen and it’s known as the seat of emotions. This is where empaths feel the incoming emotion of another, which can weaken the area and eventually lead to anything from stomach ulcers to IBS (too many other conditions to list here). Lower back problems can develop from being ungrounded (amongst other things) and one, who has no knowledge of them being an empath, will almost always be ungrounded.

8. Always looking out for the underdog: Anyone whose suffering, in emotional pain or being bullied draws an empath’s attention and compassion.

9. Others will want to offload their problems on you, even strangers: An empath can become a dumping ground for everyone else’s issues and problems, which, if they’re not careful can end up as their own.

10. Constant fatigue: Empaths often get drained of energy, either from energy vampires or just taking on too much from others, which even sleep will not cure. Many get diagnosed with ME.

11. Addictive personality: Alcohol, drugs, sex, are to name but a few addictions that empaths turn to, to block out the emotions of others. It is a form of self protection in order to hide from someone or something.

12. Drawn to healing, holistic therapies and all things metaphysical: Although many empaths would love to heal others they can end up turning away from being healers (even though they have a natural ability for it), after they’ve studied and qualified, because they take on too much from the one they are trying to heal. Especially if they are unaware of their empathy. Anything of a supernatural nature is of interest to empaths and they don’t surprise or get shocked easily. Even at the revelation of what many others would consider unthinkable, for example, empaths would have known the world was round when others believed it was flat.

13. Creative: From singing, dancing, acting, drawing or writing an empath will have a strong creative streak and a vivid imagination.

14. Love of nature and animals: Being outdoors in nature is a must for empaths and pets are an essential part of their life.

15. Need for solitude: An empath will go stir-crazy if they don’t get quiet time. This is even obvious in empathic children.

16. Gets bored or distracted easily if not stimulated: Work, school and home life has to be kept interesting for an empath or they switch off from it and end up daydreaming or doodling.

17. Finds it impossible to do things they don’t enjoy: As above. Feels like they are living a lie by doing so. To force an empath to do something they dislike through guilt or labelling them as idle will only serve in making them unhappy. It’s for this reason many empaths get labelled as being lazy.

18. Strives for the truth: This becomes more prevalent when an empath discovers his/her gifts and birthright. Anything untruthful feels plain wrong.

19. Always looking for the answers and knowledge: To have unanswered questions can be frustrating for an empath and they will endeavour to find an explanation. If they have a knowing about something they will look for confirmation. The downside to this is an information overload.

20. Likes adventure, freedom and travel: Empaths are free spirits.

21. Abhors clutter: It makes an empath feel weighed down and blocks the flow of energy.
22. Loves to daydream: An empath can stare into space for hours, in a world of their own and blissfully happy.

23. Finds routine, rules or control, imprisoning: Anything that takes away their freedom is debilitating to an empath even poisoning.

24. Prone to carry weight without necessarily overeating: The excess weight is a form of protection to stop the negative incoming energies having as much impact.

25. Excellent listener: An empath won’t talk about themselves much unless it’s to someone they really trust. They love to learn and know about others and genuinely care.

26. Intolerance to narcissism: Although kind and often very tolerant of others, empaths do not like to be around overly egotistical people, who put themselves first and refuse to consider another’s feelings or points of view other than their own.

27. The ability to feel the days of the week: An empath will get the ‘Friday Feeling’ if they work Fridays or not. They pick up on how the collective are feeling. The first couple of days of a long, bank holiday weekend (Easter for example) can feel, to them, like the world is smiling, calm and relaxed. Sunday evenings, Mondays and Tuesdays, of a working week, have a very heavy feeling.

28. Will not choose to buy antiques, vintage or second-hand: Anything that’s been pre-owned carries the energy of the previous owner. An empath will even prefer to have a brand new car or house (if they are in the financial situation to do so) with no residual energy.

29. Sense the energy of food: Many empaths don’t like to eat meat or poultry because they can feel the vibrations of the animal (especially if the animal suffered), even if they like the taste.

30. Can appear moody, shy, aloof, disconnected: Depending on how an empath is feeling will depend on what face they show to the world. They can be prone to mood swings and if they’ve taken on too much negative will appear quiet and unsociable, even miserable. An empath detests having to pretend to be happy when they’re sad, this only adds to their load (makes working in the service industry, when it’s service with a smile, very challenging) and can make them feel like scuttling under a stone.

If you can say yes to most or all of the above then you are most definitely an empath.

Empaths are having a particularly difficult time at the present time, picking up on all the negative emotions that are being emanated into the world from the populace.

http://themindunleashed.org/2013/10/30-traits-of-empath.html


Tuesday, June 17, 2014

OFFICIAL FACTS ON VACCINATIONS

Official FACTS on Vaccines
Monday 17th July, 2009, Awareness Leaflet

(For a pdf version of this awareness leaflet please email me at melissashort@live.com.au :-)

Ingredients in Current Vaccines:
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) Aluminium hydroxide Borax
Aluminium hydroxide/phosphate Aluminium phosphate Polymyxin
Gentamicin (An Anti-biotic) Kanamycin Neomycin
Formaldehyde (known carcinogen) Phenol Thiomersal
Egg protein (including avian contaminant viruses) Phenoxyethanol Yeast
Gelatin (known to cause allergic reactions & anaphylaxis)
Adverse events following immunization: Toxic shock syndrome Encephalitis Orchitis
Acute flaccid paralysis Allergic reaction Anaphylaxis Death
Screaming (persistent) Brachial neuritis Seizure Arthritis
Vasovagal episode (syncope, faint) Disseminated BCG Meningitis Rash
Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) Encephalopathy Fever Sepsis
Thrombocytopenia Paralytic poliomyelitis Osteitis Syncope
Extensive limb swelling Panencephalitis Fainting Parotitis
Subacute sclerosing Intussusception Nodule Arthralgia
Hypotonic–hypo responsive episode Lymphadenitis Osteomyelitis Autism
Formaldehyde, A Harmful Chemical! - Formaldehyde can cause skin and nasal irritations, asthma, and other respiratory problems, and has been linked to lung cancer and leukaemia. It can be inhaled through tobacco smoke, gas fires and cookers.

Other countries of Europe followed suit. Once the economic implications of compulsory vaccinations were realized, few dared to disagree. Then, as now, the media were controlled by the vaccine manufacturers and the government, who stood to make huge money from the sale of these spurious vaccines."... Tim O'Shea, D.C.

Vaccine Maker Accountability for Harmful Side Effects… - Up until recently Vaccine Makers were protected from all accountability, unless "criminal intent to do harm" can be proven by the injured party. They were protected from liability even if they know the drug will be
harmful. Currently new legislation is passing that gives Vaccine Makers no Accountability, Zero!

It is a fact that Vaccines have harmed an alarming amount of children in particular. One example is in 1999. After the number of immunizations rose to 12 to 15 per child, the public finally became privy to the possible dangers of thimerosal. One 1999 study revealed that some infants, due to a genetic or developmental factor, lack the ability to eliminate mercury. Trace amounts of mercury in these infants, when accumulated over several vaccines, could pose a severe health risk. Some vaccines, such as vaccines for hepatitis B, contained as much as 12.5 micrograms of mercury per dose. That's more than 100 times the EPA's upper limit standard when administered to infants.

When the FDA finally formally released this information in 1999, the news came too little too late for some parents. The damage had already been done.

Information provided by Australian Researcher Melissa Short.
This article “Official FACTS on Vaccines” was compiled due to the increasing concerns surrounding vaccines, there are so many individuals who have genuine concerns. Awareness is fortunately increasing on the side effects that are associated with being vaccinated. This information is not intended to be anti-vaccine, but pro safe vaccine. 
 

Resources:

Immunise Australia website http://www.immunise.health.gov.au

The National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable
Diseases (NCIRS) website www.ncirs.usyd.edu.au

Appendix 3: Components of vaccines used in the National Immunisation Program –
http://www.health.gov.au/internet/immunise/publishing.nsf/Content/appendix3

Appendix 5: Frequently asked questions about vaccination http://www.health.gov.au/internet/immunise/publishing.nsf/Content/faq#5

Appendix 6: Definitions of adverse events following immunization http://www.health.gov.au/internet/immunise/publishing.nsf/Content/aefi.htm

Scheduling of medicines & poisons
http://www.tga.gov.au/industry/scheduling.htm#.U4dF_NKSwUk

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thimerosal

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organomercury

https://www.facebook.com/notes/melissa-short/official-facts-on-vaccines/482373582994


Friday, April 11, 2014

ECLECTIC TINCTURES

Eclectic Tinctures. The eclectics have been most fortunate in having had identified with them two such eminently scientific pharmaceutic chemists as Prof. J. Uri Lloyd and Dr. William S. Merrell. Headed by these gentlemen, the school has developed the chemistry and pharmacy of plant medicaments in a manner of vital interest and importance to all physicians, whether employing them as the eclectics do or in other manners. Two lines of their preparations are upon the market: the so-called "specific medicines" of Lloyd and the "normal tinctures" of Merrell. The former have more official eclectic recognition, although the latter are identical with them except in a few instances.
The former have probably been a little more developed in detail, and especially as concerns a few drugs, but the two lines of preparations in most essential particulars are parallel. Because of their official standing we will discuss the former, although equally commending the "normal tinctures." The name "specific medicine" is rather unfortunate. The eclectics do not mean them as specific in disease, but as specifically representing the active medicinal content of the drug employed. Pharmaceutically they are high-grade tinctures, one minim of which represents one grain of the dry crude drug. They are largely used by regular physicians, who call them Lloyd's tinctures. Their labels bear the eclectic indications, and their so-called "usual prescription," but a table of minimum and maximum doses is issued by the manufacturers. Extensive use of them upon the part of the author suggests the caution that many of them should be administered in only half the dose of the usual grade of fluidextracts, when given for the full physiologic effect, until one has cautiously felt his way in each individual case. Their great activity is readily explained, since they are made usually of plants in their green or recent state: (some of the "specific medicines" are chemicals, however), and the few not worked fresh are subjected to special processes in drying. Also, it may be said that their high price justifies the makers in purchasing the cream of the available supply, just like a few of our fluidextract manufacturers do.

The process employed varies with the substance used, but is usually a combined maceration and percolation with the aid of ingenious concentrating apparatus in which heat is not employed. Strong grain alcohol is the menstruum, and individual processes are used with different drugs to get rid of inert resins, extractive matter, starches, coloring matter, and plant detritus. The result is a clean and highly active tincture. In administering remedies for their actions in small doses, these products present distinct advantages over ordinary tinctures and fluidextracts, and our rather conservative official standards could most advantageously incorporate some of these processes in the elaboration of official preparations. In practical use the "specific medicines," the "normal tinctures," and the "mother tinctures" do not present their claims so tangibly in the large as in the small dose. A really high-grade fluidextract is a tincture to all intents and purposes, only it is stronger than are the usual tinctures. The amount of inert substances in the fluidextract is relatively large or small according to the menstruum and the processes of extraction employed, and, in the large dose, they do not much interfere with the action of the active principles of the drug, but we should employ the green plant fluidextract or the assayed product in the instances already dwelt upon. In the small dose many of the high-grade fluidextracts do very well, but in general the special tinctures made from green drugs are distinctly preferable. One wants as little admixture of inert substances as is possible, since they interfere with the action of the small portion of active medicine present, and this is particularly true when they are added to water and the precipitated resins carry down and sometimes react upon the proximate principles of the plant. Again, the action in small doses is not always due to alkaloidal substances or the generally considered active principles.

These volatile or readily destroyed ingredients of the green plant are rarely found in any appreciable quantity at all in a fluidextract, as they are dissipated in the drying of the plant or in its manufacture into the fluid-extract. It is far from our purpose to appear pedantic or disloyal to the regular school of medicine, and it will probably be hard to convince the physician who knows that good fluidextracts do not fail him in the usual doses, that they are apt not to do so well in small doses; yet anyone practically conversant with the matters here discussed will bear out, in the main at least, our present contention. Most unfortunately, our fluidextracts are being altogether too much displaced by proprietary elixirs and by ineligible tablet forms of vegetable drugs. It impresses the writer that this is far more disloyal to our own school than it is to define the limitations of the fluidextract; and it is distinctly detrimental to scientific medicine to discard our own carefully worked out official formula in favor of the commercially prompted efforts of men who seldom know so much about drugs as do the able and distinguished gentlemen who go to in- finite pains to render accurate and efficient our own official standards. In the following pages ec. tr. will be used to specify all standard preparations of this kind.


HOMEOPATHIC MOTHER TINCTURES

Homeopathic Mother Tinctures are all designated by the Greek letter theta (@). The strict homeopath insists upon the elaborate rules of Hahnemann, as instanced in the "American Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia," by which the expressed juice of the fresh plant is combined with alcohol wherever possible, although some of these tinctures are prepared by maceration similarly to our own official tinctures and commonly in the same or greater relative proportions of plant to alcohol, so that these homeopathic green plant mother tinctures are very active preparations. The weakest of them represent one part in eleven, belladonna being the principal one of this strength. A large number of poisonous substances, such as aconite, are one part in seven. Care must be taken to employ them in smaller doses than the U. S. P. tinctures. Many less active ones are made in greater concentration. A few, as instanced especially by ipecac and nux vomica, are not made from the green plant.

The homoeopathic profession in the United States is divided in sentiment over a good many matters pertaining to their own school, and a large number insist upon employing their own tinctures more or less for their physiologic actions. This has resulted in the "Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia of the United States." In this work the amount of moisture in the green plant is always estimated, and the tinctures are all made as representing one part in ten of the dried herb. The green plant and pure alcohol are used and the proportions of plant and alcohol vary, since some plants are more succulent than are others. The finished product, it is readily seen, is identical in drug value to our own tinctures, only made from the recent plant in nearly every instance. A high-class homoeopathic pharmacist is almost fanatical in his care in making mother tinctures; consequently, these tinctures are really of the very highest order of excellence and must be given in even smaller doses than our own one-in-ten tinctures because of their high physiologic activity due to using the green plant, most thorough exhaustion of the drug, and the employment of full strength alcohol in tincturing.

These latter one-in-ten tinctures are the strength always considered in this work when homoeopathic mother tinctures are spoken of in the Materia Medica section. Homoeopaths have a penchant for using highly poisonous substances, in dilutions of course, and the tinctures from which these dilutions are made are highly toxic. Some of them are not familiar to the regular school, such as Agaricus muscarius, .Ethusa, Ailanthus, etc. It is wise to try no experiments with these comparatively unknown substances, and the doses given in this book should not often be exceeded, so far as concerns these toxic agents.


Thursday, April 10, 2014

GREEN PLANT TINCTURES


Green Plant Tinctures are official under the title "Tinctura Herbarium Recentium," and are made of green or recent herbs, cut into small portions, 500 grams, and alcohol 1000 c.c. The whole is digested for two weeks, run through a tincture press, and filtered. The fact has been long since developed by English chemists that narcotic herbs are much deteriorated in the process of drying, and their medicinal value almost wholIy destroyed by careless drying, by age, or by exposure. The Germans go still further, and some of them contend that drugs other than narcotics are similarly influenced, and they would have nearly all tinctures made of tire recent drug. Differences in physiologic actions have been observed as regards dried and fresh specimens of various plants. This has been studied in detail with belladonna, cimicifuga, gelsemium, hyoscyamus, and pulsatilla.

Many medicinal plants have no appreciable odor until a branch is broken off or they are otherwise crushed. Chlorophyll exists in all plants, and its change or degeneration is due to the oxidizing ferments contained in the cells of the fresh plants.

 A ferment action is initiated so soon as there is any solution of continuity or the plant is separated from its stem, and then the chlorophyll is soon destroyed. Changes within root structure are usually due to resinous matters. When a plant is uprooted from the soil, is crushed or severed from the stem, the end of organic existence begins and the plant dies just as does an animal, only more slowly and in detail. Micro-organisms collect in the plant tissues and multiply with enormous rapidity. No amount of care in curing or drying can do more than merely modify the changes so produced.

Left alone, the plant rots; carefully handled, it ferments and destructive changes occur in it, destroying volatile and even alkaloidal constituents and developing the deleterious products of fermentation and decay. These changes have an important bearing upon the active principles and the medicinal value of a large number of our plant remedies. The argument of dollars and cents will not serve to minimize the importance of these considerations.

The tall crowfoot and other weeds are known to cause abortion in cows. Many weeds will injure the stock, and yet when the grass crop is cut, weeds and all, it is seldom that the hay does much damage in this direction. Animal instinct does not always serve to warn against injurious weeds in the field or in the manger. In Germany, wind-flower or pulsatilla is a weed of this character. It is dangerous only when in its green state. In the curing of the tobacco leaf infinite care is taken, and even cultures of certain bacteria are sprinkled upon the leaf in order to modify the kind of decomposition occurring during the drying process. We all know the differences between fresh and dried fruit, but we can enjoy dried apples or peaches, since their flavors are not so volatile and they do not decay too rapidly during the drying process; but we would not so much care for dried strawberries or pineapples. If the articles of food value are influenced by drying, and common experience testifies to the fact that most plants we eat are so influenced, why do we neglect this factor in the infinitely more complex relationships plants sustain to us as medicines? Many of the therapeutic actions in small doses cannot be obtained with fluidextracts and tinctures made in the usual manner, owing to the almost entire absence of certain volatile constituents. Quite naturally, this is purely a matter of chemistry, and does not apply to plants of more stable chemic structure. Persons practically conversant with the complexities of plant chemistry will not feel that it is drawing things to too fine a point to insist upon these matters even in our lack of ability to always define the exact nature and action of these elusive and not always well-defined substances. Several kinds of green plant tinctures are upon the market.

Many discriminating clinicians report much satisfaction from the use of "German tinctures." They cost about $2.50 per pound, and are of the highest grade therapeutically and pharmaceutically.
 

U. S. P. TINCTURES

U. S. P. Tinctures, by the recent revision, are much changed in strength. Potent tinctures are now made of 10 per cent strength, whereas the 1890 aconite was 35 per cent., belladonna I5 per cent., cannabis indica I5 per cent., cantharides 5 per cent., colchicum seed I5 per cent., digitalis I5 per cent., gelsemium I5 per cent., Hydrastis 20 per cent., hyoscyamus I5 per cent., lobelia 20 per cent., physostigma I5 per cent., sanguinaria I5 per cent., squill 15 per cent., stramonium 15 per cent., strophanthus 5 per cent., and veratrum 40 per cent.

Tinctures are frequently made by diluting a fluidextract, but the practice is not to be commended. The U. S. P. tinctures are to be preferred to the fluidextract in many instances, since they possess tire distinct advantage of an excess of solvent holding in solution the inert substances so liable to cause trouble with fluidextracts. Veratrum viride is an instance of this. Here we have a drug quite difficult to work. If the root is too recent, it forms with alcohol a slimy mess, while if it is tinctured in a perfectly dried state it does not possess the full drug value. To use the partially dried root in a fluidextract is not readily done to advantage, whereas a 10 per cent tincture carries the drug perfectly. The tendency of the U. S. P. Revision Committee is to eliminate tinctures so far as is possible, and where the tincture is retained there is usually very substantial data back of their decision.